Head & Neck Cancer

Head and neck cancer surgery is a medical procedure performed to treat tumors or cancerous growths that develop in the head and neck region. The head and neck region include various structures such as the mouth, throat (pharynx), voice box (larynx), salivary glands, sinuses, nasal cavity, and other structures in the area.

The type of surgery recommended depends on several factors, including the location and stage of the cancer, the size of the tumor, the extent of its spread, and the overall health of the patient. Here are some common types of head and neck cancer surgeries:

1. Tumor Resection: This involves removing the tumor along with a margin of healthy tissue to ensure complete removal. The extent of tissue removal may vary based on the tumor’s size and location.
2. Lymph Node Dissection: If cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the surgeon may perform a lymph node dissection to remove the affected lymph nodes.
3. Laser Surgery: In some cases, laser technology may be used to remove small tumors or precancerous lesions in the head and neck region.
4. Mohs Surgery: This technique is used for certain skin cancers on the head and neck. It involves removing thin layers of tissue and examining them under a microscope to ensure complete removal while preserving healthy tissue.
5. Reconstructive Surgery: After tumor removal, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore function and appearance. This may involve grafting or using flaps of tissue to rebuild affected areas.
6. Neck Dissection: For advanced cases where cancer has spread to the neck’s lymph nodes, a comprehensive neck dissection may be performed to remove affected lymph nodes.
7. Maxillectomy or Mandibulectomy: In cases where cancer affects the jawbone, partial or total removal of the maxilla or mandible may be required.
8. Tracheostomy: In some cases, to maintain an open airway during or after surgery, a tracheostomy may be performed.
9. Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS): TORS is a minimally invasive surgical approach that utilizes a robotic system to access and remove tumors through the mouth. This technique offers improved visualization and maneuverability, leading to reduced trauma to surrounding tissues and faster recovery times. TORS is particularly beneficial for cancers located in the back of the tongue, tonsils, and throat.
10. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: This technique allows surgeons to identify and remove only the most likely affected lymph nodes, reducing the need for extensive lymph node dissections. It helps in preserving lymphatic function and lowering the risk of lymphedema, a potential complication of neck dissection.
11. Nerve Monitoring: In surgeries that involve tumors near critical nerves responsible for voice, speech, and swallowing, nerve monitoring technology is utilized. This enables surgeons to identify and protect vital nerves during the procedure, reducing the risk of post-surgery functional complications. 

1. 3D Printing and Virtual Surgical Planning: 3D printing technology allows for the creation of patient-specific surgical guides and models, aiding in preoperative planning. Surgeons can use these models to simulate the surgery, optimize the approach, and anticipate potential challenges before entering the operating room.
2. Organ Preservation Strategies: Whenever possible, surgeons aim to preserve affected organs and structures to maintain function and quality of life. Organ preservation approaches, such as partial laryngectomy or partial maxillectomy, are utilized to achieve tumor removal while preserving vital functions.

It’s important to note that head and neck cancer surgery is often combined with other treatments like radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, depending on the specific situation and recommendations from the multidisciplinary medical team.

Recovery from head and neck cancer surgery may vary depending on the complexity of the procedure. Patients may experience temporary difficulties with speaking, swallowing, or breathing, which can often improve with time and rehabilitation. Post-surgery, regular follow-up appointments, and ongoing care are crucial for monitoring the patient’s progress and managing any potential complications.

We provide the best healthcare facilities for Head and Neck Cancer Surgery. We use AI (Artificial Intelligence)based techniques and maneuvers in partnership with IIT Mumbai to achieve the best possible results for our patients